装柜指南
常用集装箱尺寸、CBM 计算方法，以及纸箱、托盘和混装货物的装柜要点。
常见干货箱参考尺寸
下表为行业常见的参考值。不同船公司、制造年份和箱况会有几厘米的差异，载重上限也取决于箱体自重和箱门铭牌（CSC 牌）上的最大总重。订舱前请向承运人确认。
| 箱型 | 内部尺寸（长×宽×高） | 箱门开口（宽×高） | 容积 | 常见最大载货量 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20GP / 20' 普柜 | 5.90 × 2.35 × 2.39 m | 2.34 × 2.28 m | 约 33 m³ | 约 28,000 kg |
| 40GP / 40' 普柜 | 12.03 × 2.35 × 2.39 m | 2.34 × 2.28 m | 约 67 m³ | 约 26,700 kg |
| 40HQ / 40' 高柜 | 12.03 × 2.35 × 2.70 m | 2.34 × 2.58 m | 约 76 m³ | 约 26,500 kg |
| 45HQ / 45' 高柜 | 13.56 × 2.35 × 2.70 m | 2.34 × 2.58 m | 约 86 m³ | 约 27,700 kg |
实际可装体积通常只有理论容积的 80%–90%：箱壁波纹、门框、货物尺寸不能整除，以及操作空间都会占用一部分。
CBM（立方米）怎么算
单箱体积 = 长(m) × 宽(m) × 高(m)。例如 60 × 40 × 40 cm 的纸箱：0.6 × 0.4 × 0.4 = 0.096 m³；300 箱合计 28.8 m³。
用厘米计算时：长 × 宽 × 高 ÷ 1,000,000。用英寸时：长 × 宽 × 高 ÷ 61,024。
一个柜能装多少箱
- 先看高度方向：内高 ÷ 箱高 = 可堆层数，再与纸箱抗压允许的最大层数取较小值。
- 再看地面排布：同一种箱子可以横放竖放混排，往往比单一方向多出一列。本工具的容量模式会自动搜索最佳地面分割。
- 核对重量：件数 × 单重不能超过箱子载重。重货（如五金、石材、液体）通常是重量先到上限，柜子装不满。
- 留出余量：门口预留 5–10 cm 便于关门和绑扎，顶部预留 3–5 cm 便于叉车或人工码放。
装柜操作要点
- 重货放底层、放中间，轻货在上；整柜重心尽量靠近箱子几何中心，纵向偏差一般控制在 ±5% 内较稳妥。
- 左右两侧重量尽量均衡，避免吊装和拖车行驶时倾斜。
- 从箱子最里端（前端墙）开始，逐排向门口装。最后一排需要绑扎或加挡板，防止开门时货物倾倒。
- 空隙用气袋、木方或纸板填充，防止运输途中移位。
- 托盘货确认叉车可进箱（门高 2.28 m 的普柜对高托盘有限制）。
- 装柜前检查箱体：无破洞、无漏光、无异味、地板干燥牢固。
多品种混装
多个 SKU 拼一个柜时，建议：
- 同一 SKU 尽量集中成连续区域，便于目的港分拣和清点。
- 大件、托盘货先装在里端，小纸箱后装用于补位。
- 不能倒置、怕压的货物设置“仅水平旋转”和最大层数。
- 需要优先出货的 SKU 放在门口附近。
在订单装载模式中输入每个 SKU 的数量，工具会按多种顺序和摆放策略尝试，给出装入体积最大的方案，并列出没装下的数量。
Loading guides
Common container dimensions, how to calculate CBM, and practical rules for cartons, pallets and mixed cargo.
Typical dry container dimensions
These are common reference values. Real boxes vary by a few centimetres between lines, builders and condition, and payload depends on the tare weight and the max gross weight on the CSC plate. Confirm with your carrier before booking.
| Type | Inside (L × W × H) | Door (W × H) | Capacity | Typical payload |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20' standard (20GP) | 5.90 × 2.35 × 2.39 m | 2.34 × 2.28 m | ≈ 33 m³ | ≈ 28,000 kg |
| 40' standard (40GP) | 12.03 × 2.35 × 2.39 m | 2.34 × 2.28 m | ≈ 67 m³ | ≈ 26,700 kg |
| 40' high cube (40HQ) | 12.03 × 2.35 × 2.70 m | 2.34 × 2.58 m | ≈ 76 m³ | ≈ 26,500 kg |
| 45' high cube (45HQ) | 13.56 × 2.35 × 2.70 m | 2.34 × 2.58 m | ≈ 86 m³ | ≈ 27,700 kg |
In practice you load 80–90% of the nominal volume: corrugated walls, door frames, carton sizes that don't divide evenly and working space all take a share.
How to calculate CBM
Carton volume = length (m) × width (m) × height (m). A 60 × 40 × 40 cm carton is 0.6 × 0.4 × 0.4 = 0.096 m³; 300 cartons are 28.8 m³.
From centimetres: L × W × H ÷ 1,000,000. From inches: L × W × H ÷ 61,024.
How many cartons fit
- Height first: inside height ÷ carton height gives the layers, capped by the carton's safe stacking limit.
- Then the floor: mixing lengthwise and crosswise rows often gains an extra column. Capacity mode searches floor partitions automatically.
- Check weight: count × unit weight must stay under payload. Dense goods usually hit weight before volume.
- Leave margins: 5–10 cm at the door for closing and securing, 3–5 cm at the top for handling.
Stuffing tips
- Heavy goods low and central, light goods on top; keep the centre of gravity near the middle, ideally within ±5% lengthwise.
- Balance left and right to avoid tilting during lifting and trucking.
- Load from the front wall toward the door; secure the last row so nothing falls when the doors open.
- Fill voids with dunnage bags, timber or cardboard.
- For pallets, check forklift access — standard boxes have a 2.28 m door height.
- Inspect the box first: no holes or light leaks, no odour, dry and solid floor.
Mixed cargo
- Keep each SKU in a contiguous zone for easier tallying at destination.
- Load big items and pallets at the front wall first, then fill with small cartons.
- Set "upright only" and a layer limit for fragile or this-side-up goods.
- Put SKUs that must come out first near the door.
In order mode, enter quantities per SKU; the planner tries several orderings and placement strategies, keeps the plan with the most loaded volume and lists anything left over.